Relationship between religion and school students' road behavior in southern Iran / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>Unsafe behaviors are an important cause of accidents in adolescent age groups. This study was designed to examine the behaviors of adolescent pedestrians in southern Iran.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of high school students in Shiraz, capital city of Fars Province, Iran. Five hundred and sixteen students were selected by multi-stage sampling. Data were collected by the use of three questionnaires, which included Persian copies of adolescent road user behavior questionnaire (ARBQ), Duke University Religious Index (DUREL), as well as the context and independent variables questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that a decrease in dangerous behaviors on the road resulted in an increase in respondents' intrinsic religiosity. Also, engagement in unsafe crossing behavior in the road decreased with increasing respondents' intrinsic religiosity. Another finding showed that female students were less involved in dangerous play and planned protective behaviors on the road.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Findings clearly indicate that intrinsic religiosity has a significant role in reducing the risky road behaviors of students. Hence, religion may improve road safety in school students' road behavior in Iran.</p>

Burden of traffic accidents among pedestrians of Fars province, southern Iran; estimate of years of life lost in a sample of Iranian population from 2009 to 2013 / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians' fatalities in Fars, the southern province of Iran using years of life lost (YLL) approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic Medicine Organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians' fatalities were analyzed by SPSS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians (p < 0.001). In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals (p < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fars was also exceptionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.</p>

Association of gastrointestinal functional disorders and migraine headache: a population base study

Background: Migraine is one of the prevalent headaches. Many of patients with migraine, complain of gastrointestinal symptoms. There is limited studies on relation of gastrointestinal symptoms and migraine headache at population level

Methods: In this population-based study, 1038 subjects older than 15 year from a rural area in Fars province, south of Iran. were investigated for functional gastrointestinal disorders. By cluster random sampling, 160 of these persons invited to receive endoscopy along with histopathology samples of upper gastrointestinal tract. Data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact

Results: Mean age of participations were 34.3 years with female to male of 3:1. The prevalence of migraine, irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], reflux, and dyspepsia were 24.6%, 17.7%, 17.4%, and 32.1%, respectively. There were significant relationship between migraine and functional gastrointestinal diseases [odds ratio of association for migraine with IBS, reflux, and dyspepsia were 3.43, 1.68, and 1.68 with p-value < 0.001 for all]. In endoscopic findings, only presence of hiatal hernia was associated significantly with migraine [p = 0.011]. No histopathologic findings in antral or duodenal biopsies were associated with migraine

Conclusion: In this population based study we found significant association between migraines and gastrointestinal functional disorders including IBS, reflux and dyspepsia. This may have implication in better management of patients with migraine headache

Correlation between diet quality and metabolic syndrome

Background: The metabolic syndrome [MetS] is increasing with an alarming rate world wide. Since diet components' studies that focus on MetS have produced largely inconsistent results, assessing the whole diet than single nutrients on health can be more practical. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between diet quality and MetS components

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 152 participants aged 20-55 years recruited from the endocrinology center of Tehran University of medical sciences. Dietary intake assessed by food frequency questionnaire [FFQ] was used to calculate healthy eating index 2010 [HEI-2010]. Body mass index [BMI], weight, height, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-c], triglycerides [TG], fasting blood glucose [FBG], and blood pressure were measured

Results: In this study HEI mean score was 55.26. Based on HEI-2010 values, diet quality was good in 0.7% of participants, needed improvement in 55.9%, and was poor in 43.4% of cases. Diet quality [HEI] was significantly and linearly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, TG, and BMI [P < 0.05]

Conclusions: According to this study, low diet quality can be related to MetS components

Socioeconomic status and satisfaction with public healthcare system in Iran

Background: The users' satisfaction is a method for evaluating the efficacy of healthcare system. We aimed to evaluate the association between the users' socioeconomic status [SES] and satisfaction with the healthcare system in Shiraz, Iran

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2013 to March, 2014, in Shiraz, Iran. 3400 households were recruited by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Information about demographic, insurance status, and users' satisfaction was derived from face-to-face interviews. Satisfaction with healthcare system was assessed by using 5-point Likert scale statements, which ranged from "very dissatisfied" to "very satisfied". All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-21

Results: Overall, 1.6% [55] of the respondents were very satisfied, while 6% [203] were very dissatisfied with healthcare system. Participants were classified into high SES [26.3%], middle SES [47.9%] and low SES [25.8%]. It was discovered that the better the SES, the more frequent were the respondents dissatisfied with healthcare system [P<0.001]. Also, dissatisfied respondents were significantly older [P=0.036]. Moreover, women were more dissatisfied with healthcare system [P=0.005]. Also, dissatisfied respondents had significantly a higher level of education than satisfied ones [P<0.001]. Furthermore, logistic regression revealed that age [P=0.04], marital status [P=0.01], insurance status [P<0.001], SES [P<0.001], and having supplemental insurance [P=0.02] were determinant factors of satisfaction with healthcare system

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that users' sex, age, educational level, and SES were related to dissatisfaction with healthcare system. Meanwhile, clients' age, SES, insurance status and marital status were recognized as determinant factors

Denture stomatitis and candida albicans in iranian population: a systematic review andmeta-analysis

Statement of the Problem: Denture stomatitis is the common form of oral candidiasis, which is seen in the form of diffused inflammation in the areas covered by dentures. Many primary studies report the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida albicans among patients in the Iranian population; therefore, using meta-analysis is valuable for health policy makers

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida albicans in Iran

Materials and Method: Using relevant keywords, national and international databases were searched. After limiting the search strategy and deleting the duplicates, the remaining papers were screened by examining the title and abstract. In order to increase the sensitivity of search reference lists of papers were examined. Finally the index of heterogeneity between studies was defined using Cochran test [Q] and Isquared [I2]. According to heterogeneity, the random effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida albicans in Iran

Result: The prevalence of denture stomatitis in 12 studies, and the prevalence of candida albicans in patients with denture stomatitis have been reported in 6 studies. The number of sample under investigated and its age range among primary studies included meta- analysis was 2271 individuals and 32.7 till 87.5 years respectively. The prevalence of denture stomatitis in preliminary studies imported to a meta-analysis varied from 1.9% to 54.6%, and its rate in Iran using the meta-analysis was estimated 28.9 % [CI 95%: 18.2-39.6]. Also the overall prevalence of candida albicans in patients with denture stomatitis in Iran was estimated 60.6% [CI 95%:50.1-71.2]

Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida albicans among patient infected denture stomatitis is relatively significant in Iran

Prevalence and risk factors of alcohol and substance abuse among motorcycle drivers in Fars province, Iran / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>The aim of this present study is to investigate the prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse (ASA) and its relationship with other risky driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a cross sectional study which is performed at Shiraz city of Iran. Data from motorcycle drivers were collected using a standard questionnaire in eight major streets at different times of the day. The data includes consumption of alcohol and other substances two hours before driving and some of the risky behaviors during driving.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 414 drivers with a mean ± SD age of (27.0 ± 9.3) years participated in the study. Alcohol or substance consumptions two hours before driving was significantly associated with risky driving behaviors such as using mobile phone during driving, poor maneuvering, and driving over the speed limit (both p < 0.001). It was also associated with carelessness about safety such as driving with technical defects (p < 0.001) and not wearing a crash helmet (p=0.008).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Screening for alcohol and substance consumption among motorcycle drivers is an efficient way to identify drivers that are at a greater risk for road traffic accidents.</p>

Exploring the practical themes for medical education social accountability in Iran

The purpose of this paper is to explore themes for enhancing socially accountability in medical education. Medical education in Iran experience new challenges due to the enormous influence of changes in technology, development of new methods of teaching and learning, student requirements, patient management, financial credit constraints, and social and economic developments. For responding to these, use of strategic thinking in order to make appropriate decisions is the only solution. Strategic plans need to formulate practical guides which can help accountable to people's reasonable expectations. For this qualitative study, along with the 14[th] national conference on Medical Education in Iran, the opinions of experts were obtained during seven expert panels' group discussions, each lasting four hours and including 10 participants. Data were collected by audiotapes, which were then transcribed. Data analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach. Peer and member checking during analysis and data triangulation from other recent studies were used to increase the findings' trustworthiness. Among more than hundred meaning units groups identified the following eight main themes as affecting the social accountable medical education in Iran: organization of responsive education councils; development of community based courses; development in field training; organization of educational processes; homogeneity in educational rules and regulations; budget management, educational outcomes; educational programs in departments and groups. This study have found the main themes that might affecting social accountable medical education in Iran, where Iranian policymakers should consider those when plan to make changes in medical education and could potentially adopt the proven useful policies and strategies of other countries